Can Architects Use the DAFT Visa? Yes — Here's How
Yes, architects can use DAFT. The Dutch-American Friendship Treaty (DAFT) lets you set up an independent architecture practice in the Netherlands. You can work on projects for US and international clients, or build a local practice over time.
The Netherlands has a strong design culture and active construction industry. Dutch cities like Rotterdam, Amsterdam, and Eindhoven are known for innovative architecture, making it an inspiring place to base your practice.
DAFT Eligibility for Architects
Status: DAFT Eligible
Architecture works well with DAFT. Design, consulting, and project management can all be done remotely for international clients, while local projects are also an option.
Key points:
- Remote-friendly for design and consulting phases
- The Netherlands values design and has an active building sector
- Dutch market demand: Moderate
- Typical income range: €50,000-€100,000/year
Business Structure Options
Recommended: Eenmanszaak (Sole Proprietorship)
Simplest structure. You are personally liable. Most DAFT applicants start here.
Most architects on DAFT begin with an eenmanszaak. It's straightforward and lets you focus on your work rather than corporate administration.
Other Options
BV (Private Limited Company) Limited liability but requires €0.01 capital and notary. More complex setup. Worth considering if you take on large projects where liability protection matters.
Registration process:
- Apply for DAFT residence permit
- Register with KVK (Chamber of Commerce)
- Receive your KVK number and start operating
Setting Up Your Architecture Business
Step 1: Define Your Services Clearly define what services you'll offer. For architects, this typically includes:
- Architectural design and drafting
- Project consulting and feasibility studies
- Interior design and space planning
- Sustainable building consulting
Step 2: KVK Registration Register your business with the Dutch Chamber of Commerce. You'll need:
- Valid residence permit (or proof of DAFT application)
- Proof of address in the Netherlands
- Description of your business activities
- €75 registration fee
See our KVK registration guide for the full walkthrough.
Step 3: Tax Registration After KVK registration, you'll automatically be registered with the Belastingdienst (Dutch tax authority) for:
- Income tax
- VAT (BTW) - you may be exempt if under €20,000/year
Common Challenges & Solutions
Challenge: Licensing requirements in the Netherlands Solution: The title "architect" is protected in the Netherlands through the Architects Register (Architectenregister). To use the title for Dutch projects, you may need to register. However, you can offer design consulting and related services without the title, and your US credentials remain valid for US-facing work.
Challenge: Building codes and regulations Solution: Dutch building codes differ from US codes. If you plan to work on local projects, invest time learning Dutch regulations (Bouwbesluit). For international work, your existing knowledge applies.
Challenge: Software and file compatibility Solution: Most architecture software (AutoCAD, Revit, ArchiCAD) works the same everywhere. Cloud-based collaboration tools make working across time zones straightforward.
Income & Tax Considerations
Expected income: €50,000-€100,000/year
Tax obligations:
- Dutch income tax (progressive rates, 36-49%)
- US tax filing required (as a US citizen)
- Foreign Earned Income Exclusion may apply
- Tax treaty between US and Netherlands prevents double taxation
VAT (BTW):
- Services to US/non-EU clients: 0% (reverse charge)
- Services to Dutch clients: 21% VAT
- Small business exemption if under €20,000/year
See our US Taxes While Living in Netherlands guide.
Finding Clients as an Architect
International clients:
- Maintain existing US client relationships
- Offer remote design and consulting services
- Use platforms like Archinect and industry-specific job boards
Dutch clients:
- Attend architecture events and exhibitions in Rotterdam and Amsterdam
- Join the Royal Institute of Dutch Architects (BNA) or related organizations
- Collaborate with local firms on projects that need US market knowledge
Best practice: Start DAFT with existing clients or committed projects. Architecture projects often have long timelines, so having work in progress when you arrive provides stability.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Can I call myself an architect in the Netherlands? A: The title "architect" is protected in the Netherlands. To use it for Dutch projects, you may need to register with the Architectenregister. For US-facing consulting and design work, your US credentials remain valid.
Q: Do I need Dutch clients to qualify for DAFT? A: No, DAFT does not require Dutch clients. Many architects on DAFT work primarily with US or international clients while building local connections.
Q: Is there demand for American architects in the Netherlands? A: The Netherlands has a strong architecture scene, so competition exists. Your advantage lies in understanding both US and European design contexts, which is valuable for international projects and multinational clients.
Related Professions
If architect isn't quite right for your situation, consider these related professions that also work with DAFT:
Next Steps
- Evaluate your situation - Do you have clients? Income? A viable business plan?
- Read the DAFT requirements - Understand all requirements
- Prepare your documents - Start the apostille process early
- Plan your timeline - Most people need 3-6 months to prepare
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We're not immigration lawyers—just Americans who did this. Requirements change, so verify with official sources.