Can 3D Artists Use the DAFT Visa? Yes — Here's How
Yes, 3D artists can use DAFT. The Dutch-American Friendship Treaty (DAFT) lets US citizens start a business in the Netherlands, and 3D art is a strong freelance profession for the treaty. You create digital assets — the work is entirely location-independent.
3D artists are in demand across gaming, film, architecture, product design, and advertising. The Netherlands has a growing creative tech sector, and your skills translate directly to the Dutch and European markets.
DAFT Eligibility for 3D Artists
Status: DAFT Eligible
3D art is fully digital work that can be delivered to clients anywhere. No Dutch certifications or licenses are required.
Key points:
- Fully remote — deliver 3D assets digitally
- No Dutch licensing or certification required
- Dutch market demand: Moderate to High
- Typical income range: €40,000-€85,000/year
Business Structure Options
Recommended: Eenmanszaak (Sole Proprietorship)
Simplest structure. You are personally liable. Most DAFT applicants start here.
For 3D artists, this is the most practical starting point. You're selling your creative skills — no inventory, no storefront, just you and your workstation.
Other Options
BV (Private Limited Company) Limited liability but requires €0.01 capital and notary. More complex setup. Could make sense if you're taking on large studio contracts or want to bring on other artists.
Registration process:
- Apply for DAFT residence permit
- Register with KVK (Chamber of Commerce)
- Receive your KVK number and start operating
Setting Up Your 3D Art Business
Step 1: Define Your Services Clearly define what services you'll offer. For 3D artists, this typically includes:
- Character and environment modeling
- Product visualization and rendering
- Architectural visualization
- Motion graphics and VFX
Step 2: KVK Registration Register your business with the Dutch Chamber of Commerce. You'll need:
- Valid residence permit (or proof of DAFT application)
- Proof of address in the Netherlands
- Description of your business activities
- €75 registration fee
Step 3: Tax Registration After KVK registration, you'll automatically be registered with the Belastingdienst (Dutch tax authority) for:
- Income tax
- VAT (BTW) — you may be exempt if under €20,000/year
Common Challenges & Solutions
Challenge: Rendering hardware and power costs Solution: The Netherlands has reliable power infrastructure. Cloud rendering services (like Render Pool or RebusFarm) can supplement your local setup. Electricity costs are higher than in much of the US, so factor that into your pricing.
Challenge: Shipping or setting up a high-end workstation Solution: Bring your main workstation as personal belongings during the move to avoid separate import duties. Alternatively, buy or build a new machine in the Netherlands — component prices are comparable to the US.
Challenge: Software licensing across regions Solution: Most 3D software (Blender is free, Maya, 3ds Max, Cinema 4D, ZBrush) works globally. Your existing licenses and subscriptions carry over. Update your billing address and continue working.
Income & Tax Considerations
Expected income: €40,000-€85,000/year
Tax obligations:
- Dutch income tax (progressive rates, 36-49%)
- US tax filing required (as a US citizen)
- Foreign Earned Income Exclusion may apply
- Tax treaty between US and Netherlands prevents double taxation
VAT (BTW):
- Services to US/non-EU clients: 0% (reverse charge)
- Services to Dutch clients: 21% VAT
- Small business exemption if under €20,000/year
See our US Taxes While Living in Netherlands guide.
Finding Clients as a 3D Artist
International clients:
- Maintain existing US client relationships
- Use ArtStation, Behance, and your portfolio site to attract leads
- Platforms like Upwork and Fiverr can supplement while you build direct relationships
- Game studios and VFX houses often hire remote freelancers
Dutch clients:
- The Netherlands has a growing gaming industry, especially in Utrecht and Amsterdam
- Architecture firms in Rotterdam and The Hague need visualization work
- Connect with Dutch animators and game designers for referrals
Best practice: Start DAFT with existing clients or committed projects. This provides income stability while you build your Dutch network.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Can I sell 3D assets on marketplaces (like TurboSquid or CGTrader) while on DAFT? A: Yes. Selling digital products is a legitimate business activity under DAFT. Many 3D artists combine client work with passive income from asset sales. Make sure your KVK registration covers product sales.
Q: Is the Dutch gaming industry large enough to find local clients? A: The Netherlands has a notable indie game development scene, with studios in Amsterdam, Utrecht, and Hilversum. It's not the US market, but combined with international remote work, it's a viable base.
Q: What about NFTs or digital art sales? A: You can sell digital art as part of your business. Tax treatment of digital assets varies, so consult a Dutch tax advisor for specifics on crypto and NFT income.
Related Professions
If 3D artist isn't quite right for your situation, consider these related professions that also work with DAFT:
Next Steps
- Evaluate your situation — Do you have clients? Income? A viable business plan?
- Read the complete DAFT guide — Understand all requirements
- Prepare your documents — Start the apostille process early
- Plan your timeline — Most people need 3-6 months to prepare
Digital Guide — $99
We're not immigration lawyers—just Americans who did this. Requirements change, so verify with official sources.